Knowm’s writing now lives at knowm.ai The new site is the long-form blog from Knowm Inc.: the theory, the patents, the lab results, the fab, the politics, the software, the hardware, and the stubborn thread of persistence that connects all of it. Mu... read more
Since its inception, Knowm Inc has had a genuinely funny problem: Everyone thinks we’re much larger than we actually are. That’s probably par for the course given the nature of our work, but I’ll be honest—it’s been irritating in a very specific... read more
Read part 1 of this series here Private Beta Ahoy! Well, I certainly did not expect to get the attention that part one of this blog series received! People have reached out from around the world, some already asking when the product will be available, oth... read more
Time to Take the Next Step Memristor crossbars, and memristors in general, can be difficult to work with. Outside of well equipped university and government labs its difficult to get hands-on experience. The equipment needed to fabricate and test the devi... read more
The Idea [2001] I was a junior undergraduate physics major with a new mission. A year earlier I stumbled the field of neural networks after a (quite literal) random walk through my college library. Frustrated with quantum mechanics, for which I was studyi... read more
TL;DR [crayon-6a19a84662dc5466688664/] …and dont forget to add the javafx-swing dependency to your pom.xml (Maven): [crayon-6a19a84662dca217241061/] XChart is Awesome Looking for a full-featured open source charting library? Knowm XChart has been ga... read more
Knowm’s Notes Despite many folks like myself theorizing over the last decade about memristors and the circuits that can be built from them, it is important to understand that we are only just now, as a global community, actually learning how to use ... read more
Network Monitoring with a LAN Tap Shown in the following figure is how a LAN tap and monitoring system can be integrated into an existing network. A LAN tap is inserted between the firewall/router/switch and an internal networking switch or router. The mo... read more
This is an English translation to a two-part article that appeared in the German Physics Magazine “Physik in unserer Zeit” in early 2018. The original articles can be found at the following links: Jenseits des Mooreschen Gesetzes and Thermodyn... read more
I recently came across a discussion thread on Y Combinator Hacker News, which has been archived here. After looking into the law regarding defamation of character and taking a few deep breaths–I decided it would be better to offer a public response.... read more
Overview The purpose of this post is to give you some guidance on how to create your own Memristor Discovery experiment. We show you how to make a ‘clone’ of an existing experiment and then modify it for your own purposes. You should be somewh... read more
Prerequisites How To Setup Your Knowm Developer Environment What is Knowm? Thermodynamic Computing Introduction The Memristor Discovery platform is a low cost educational and research tool for exploring memristor electronics. Originally developed as a ris... read more
In this post we will show how to set up Eclipse to deploy a Java application to a Raspberry Pi located on the local network. We have adapted from this article to reflect fixes to common errors. Set up Raspberry Pi Insure that your RPi is connected to your... read more
Omissions in Review Paper from University of Michigan The field of memristors exploded over the last ten years, so it can be hard to keep everything straight–especially if you are not a physical chemist that specializes in memory materials. As Knowm... read more
To get a date object set to a specific date you can use the Calendar class as follows in the following example code: [crayon-6a19a84663877686739397/] Here is the output of the example code: [crayon-6a19a8466387b557041273/]
Problem After upgrading to version 5 of KiCad on a Mac, the standard footprints are no longer found. Solution From within the footprint editor, select ‘Manage Footprint Libraries” from the “Preferences” menu. Delete all libraries C... read more
The Oxide-Memristor Paradox Since launching Knowm Inc four years ago there has been a perplexing paradox that I believe has finally resolved itself. Soon after publication of AHaH Computing: From Meta-Stable Switches to Machine Learning I had the great fo... read more
Knowm Memristors are impressive, but like all memristors there have remained two issues related to their use in VLSI deep learning accelerators. The first issue is reliably programming the state of a memristor in a compact and time efficient way. While ap... read more
Step 1: During checkout, select the “PayPal” option: Step 2: Select the “Pay with Debit or Credit Card” option when redirected to PayPal website:
The sixth annual Neuro Inspired Computational Elements (NICE) was hosted by Intel at the Jones Farm campus in Hillsboro, Oregon, February 27 to March 1. It featured talks on Intel’s new neuromorphic chip arrival “Loihi” as well upgrades ... read more
In this post, I demonstrate how to build Tensorflow 1.5 from source on MacOS 10.13 High Sierra. To verify that building indeed works, I show how to change some Tensorflow Python code, do an incremental build and observe the change in action via a simple t... read more
At Knowm, we are building a new and exciting type of computer processor to accelerate machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence applications. The goal of Thermodynamic-RAM (kT-RAM) is to run general ML operations, traditionally deployed to CPUs an... read more
Introduction HelloTensorFlow aims to be a collection of notes, links, code snippets and mini-guides to teach you how to get Tensorflow up and running on MacOS (CPU only), Windows 10 (CPU and GPU) and Linux (work in progress) with zero experience in Tensor... read more
Overview The goal of the ICRC conference is to “discover and foster novel methodologies to reinvent computing technology, including new materials and physics, devices and circuits, system and network architectures, and algorithms and software”... read more
In a recent post titled Simulating Knowm AHaH Memristor-Based Logic Using Qucs-S and Xyce, I presented circuit simulations that explored the dynamic behavior of the Knowm M-MSS (Mean Meta-stable Switch Memristor) model by creating basic logic circuits (i.... read more
In the post titled Simulating the Knowm M-MSS Memristor Model Pulse Response with Qucs-S and Xyce, I presented the dynamic behavior of the M-MSS model’s response to a square wave pulse with various pulse configurations while introducing some more advanc... read more
Public Notice As of May 31st 2016, some BSU/Campbell Memristor technology which was previously licensed to Bio-Inspired Technologies has been acquired by Knowm Inc. If you purchased memristor chips or die by Bio Inspired Technologies (aka “BiT”... read more
In a previous post titled Simulating the Knowm M-MSS Memristor Model Using Qucs-S with Xyce, I presented the transient simulation of the basic AC sinusoidal response of the Knowm M-MSS (Mean Metastable-Switch Memristor) model implemented in Sandia Nationa... read more
Neuromorphic Computing Symposium 2017 – Architectures, Models and Applications In part a response to the Nanotechnology-Inspired Grand Challenge for Future Computing initiative, some of the key players in the neuromorphic and neuromemristive space g... read more
In a recent post titled Simulating the Knowm M-MSS Memristor Model Pulse Response with Qucs-S and Xyce, I presented circuit simulations that focus on the dynamic behavior of the M-MSS model’s incremental conductance response to applied square wave p... read more
Overview The Knowm technology stack bridges the levels of abstraction required to realize an AI processor based on memristor synapses, connecting the dots from nanotechnology to applications. Memristors are an enabling nanotechnology for a new AI computin... read more
Today I’ll be discussing advanced features of the Knowm Open-Source EDA Stack that include extensions to Qucs-S for post-analysis of the M-MSS ( Mean Meta-Stable Switch Memristor Model ) pulse response simulation results we explored in my last post Simu... read more
In a previous post titled Simulating the Knowm M-MSS Memristor Model Using Qucs-S with Xyce, I presented the use of the open-source project Qucs-S – Quite Universal Circuit Simulator featuring the Spice4qucs branch and the Xyce Electronic Simulator ... read more
Overview This is the second in a series of posts that I will be publishing to serve as tutorials for using the Knowm OSS EDA Stack to support the design, layout and simulation of memristors and neuro-memristive circuits and devices. This post will cover t... read more
The Knowm team attended this year’s NICE workshop at IBM Almaden, sponsored by Semiconductor Research Corporation, IBM and the Kavli Foundation. The conference was filled with a good sampling of the modern celebrities of neuromorphics and representa... read more
In a previous post titled Knowm Memristor Modeling and Simulation, I presented the implementation of a Verilog-A version of the Knowm MSS model within industry standard commercial EDA tools. Today I’ll be discussing the Knowm Open-Source EDA Stack t... read more
AHaH Computing, Thermodynamic Computing, Competitive Computing, Memristive Dot-product Engines, Dual Memristor Cross bars – are these all different names or variation of the same thing? All are gaining the attention of the academic and commercial re... read more
Is there something else out there? At a fundamental level, everything in the Universe originates from natural processes of self-organization. At the lowest levels we see simple and highly deterministic processes or ‘rules’ that guide the time-... read more
In 2012, Chris Yakopcic co-authored a book chapter in the book titled Advances in Neuromorphic Memristor Science and Applications, featuring a chapter on memristor modeling in LTSpice. In this chapter, he does a wonderful review of the most common memrist... read more
In a previous post titled Native Memristor Device Development in Xyce, I showed how to create the Joglekar memristor model natively in Xyce, by first cloning an existing Yakopcic device model followed by implementing the Joglekar’s dX/dt behavior. In th... read more
In a previous post titled Well-posed Memristor Modeling with Xyce and Verilog-A, we showed how to create Verilog memristor models for simulation in Xyce. In this post, we take memristor modeling in Xyce one step further and show how to create a device mod... read more
In this post, I talk about the current state of memristor modeling after having rolled up my sleeves for the last several weeks, getting my hand dirty with as many open source circuit simulators as possible, and simulating memristors using various techniq... read more
Xyce is a new (relative to the original SPICE) circuit simulator from Sandia National Laboratories that is SPICE-compatible but operates in a fundamentally different way under the hood. Xyce boasts a modern code base, an active forum, supports large-scale... read more
Dr. Kris Campbell introducing the Silver and Copper self directed channel memristor at the 5th Memristor Symposium in August 2016 in Dresden. Development history of Self Directed Channel Memristor including IP information. Introduction SDC Electrical Resp... read more
A Big Need For Something Simple Reliable and robust CMOS compatible memristors exist and they are going to change the world of computing and electronics. Before this can happen, however, we must separate fantasy from fact and we all must learn how to use ... read more
While semiconductors and software continue to expand the capabilities of electronics products, a new kind of passive component is breaking into the fast lane. The memristor (short for memory varistor, or memory resistor) has been called the fourth type of... read more
In 2013, Pershin et al. published a paper showing an idealized memristor model for a device that changes it’s conductance as a function of the applied voltage. The paper can be downloaded here. This blog post is about taking the model from the paper... read more
In 2009, Biolek et al. published a paper showing an idealized memristor model for a newly publicized memristor created at HP labs. The paper can be downloaded here. The model is referred to in a fews ways: “The Ideal Memristor”, “The non... read more
Ever since Knowm Inc. first launched the BS-AF-W memristors, it became clear that we needed a low-cost programmable interface to make it easier for people to learn how memristors work. Memristors are strange. They are ‘born’, they live for awh... read more
I do not like disrupting others. I do not like to be disrupted. If I have no choice but to disrupt somebody, I ask to be excused before I do it and I apologize after I am finished. When I think of somebody who actually likes to disrupt others, I picture a... read more
Automated Device Modeling A typical modeling methodology involves selecting the appropriate model formulation based on device physics and the device’s final application in a circuit, making the necessary physical measurements to characterize a device or... read more
When creating graphical user interfaces with Java, it is often useful to add charts to your Java application for visualizing data. In this tutorial, we show how to easily add charts to a Java Swing application using our open source Java charting library X... read more
Note: Click here for Version 4–>5 upgrade Fix for Mac Problem After upgrading KiCAD and using CVPCB to associate schematic parts with footprints, you are treated to a massive error dialog that starts like this: [crayon-6a19a8466694b628110000/] (The ... read more
It’s been introduced as nothing less than a new way of computing certain kinds of problems. It’s another approach to computing more the way the brain does it than the way Mr. Von Neumann does it. Which is to say, using orders of magnitude less power t... read more
For many applications such as real-time stock prediction algorithms or brain simulations, there is a need for extremely fast and massively parallel computing. My friend, Alex Nugent, and I needed some enormous computational power for some projects we are ... read more
Knowm, a startup launched only six months ago, has announced this week that two new variations on the Knowm memristor are available for purchase. Knowm is also selling raw device data that can be used by researchers to develop their own memristor models. ... read more
As researchers try to build more complex computers that get closer to emulating the way the human brain works, one of the areas of focus is memory. Existing chips, hard disks and tape drives are great at storing large amounts of data, but a new breed of m... read more
IBM, Intel, HP, Samsung and every big forward-looking semiconductor design organization knows that emulating the functions of the brain may be the only way forward when we finally get to atomic-level chip designs, sparking an exponential growth in the stu... read more
Knowm Inc., a start-up pioneering next-generation advanced computing architectures and technology, today announced the availability of two new variations of the Knowm memristor. The company also announced raw device data available for purchase that will g... read more
Running Apache Storm cluster on EC2 is greatly simplified with the open source project storm-deploy-alternative. With this handy project, you can define your Storm cluster in a simple configuration file and create the running instances as well as installi... read more
The Biological Complexity Monster For about a decade I have seen the same pattern repeat itself. A circuit designer builds a Spike-Timing-Dependant-Plasticty (STDP) neuron. They justify their efforts because STDP is popular and by saying “that is wh... read more
This is a video series titled: “AHaH Computing in a Nutshell”, which can be found on our Vimeo channel or on our YouTube channel. For more educational resources covering everything about AHaH Computing, memristors and Thermodynamic RAM, please... read more
The White House has just announced a grand challenge. A solution to this challenge will remake our world. In their words: Create a new type of computer that can proactively interpret and learn from data, solve unfamiliar problems using what it has learned... read more
Reinforcement Learning Learning by interacting with our environment is perhaps the first form of learning that capable organisms discovered during the beginning of intelligence. Among the first examples were simple celled organisms that exercised the conn... read more
Introduction to Clustering Unsupervised learning is a machine learning method used to draw inferences from datasets consisting of input data without labeled responses [1]. In other words, it’s learning without the answer key. Knowledge discovery of ... read more
Introduction This document will help you get up and running with your own development environment compatible with Knowm’s development stack. There’s a bit of a learning curve, but we’ve taken measures to make collaborating as easy as pos... read more
“Modern methods of computing won’t get us to the levels we need.” That simple statement from Alex Nugent, the CEO of computing startup Knowm, serves as a mission statement driving their goal – to develop a new hardware paradigm to boost machine le... read more
Your move, IBM. A small, Santa Fe, New Mexico-based company called Knowm claims it will soon begin commercializing a state-of-the-art technique for building computing chips that learn. Other companies, including HP and IBM, have already invested in develo... read more
The name memristor is formed from memory + resistor. The fundamental component it labels behaves like a resistor, but one whose value changes based on the integral of the current passing through it, hence, the memory aspect. Innovative company Knowm is ma... read more
Context Knowm Inc is a very small company in a field of giants, and because of this we face very difficult constraints above and beyond the (already extremely difficult) technical problems we are trying to solve. Our goal is to build an adaptive learning ... read more
Knowm Inc., a start-up pioneering next-generation advanced computing architectures and technology, today announced the availability of artificial neural-network (ANN) chips built using memristors with bi-directional incremental learning capability. “We ... read more
Alex Nugent is working on making computers more human. Specifically, he and his team at Knowm Inc. have developed the world’s first adaptive neuromemristive processor along with Dr. Kris Campbell, a researcher at Boise State University and an expert on ... read more
Knowm Inc., a start-up pioneering next-generation advanced computing architectures and technology, today announced they are the first to develop and make commercially-available memristors with bi-directional incremental learning capability. The device was... read more
Oxide-based Memristors I have been asked a number of times how the memristors I designed for Knowm Inc. differ from HP’s memristor. For every comment I make, I have to stress that I have not personally tested HP’s memristors. Their actual elec... read more
The Moment of Change for Neuromorphic Computing Systems Today marks the end of a grueling but exciting six weeks since we launched Knowm Inc. I have spoken with dozens of analysts and reporters and criss-crossed the country. We introduced Knowm Inc. and o... read more
Introduction Knowm partner Hillary Riggs and I had the great pleasure of attending the Navy Karles Invitational Conference on Neuroelectronics, hosted by the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC from August 18-19, 2015. It was a small and short even... read more
Primary and Secondary Performance Metrics If you are building a classifier then you must measure it’s classification performance. If you are building a robot to pick up an object, you have to measure its ability to pick up objects. Any AI technology... read more
Intro to Machine Learning “We do not receive wisdom, we must discover it for ourselves, after a journey through the wilderness which no one else can make for us, which no one can spare us” –Marcel Proust Machine Learning is a subfield of... read more
This short How-To post is a companion post to How to Install a Distributed Apache Storm Cluster, and shows how to debug an Apache Zookeeper installation. The debugging methods presented below include starting Zookeeper manually, pinging the Zookeeper serv... read more
Introduction For proper cluster functionality, all nodes in the cluster need to have their clocks synchronized, even when the cluster is isolated from the Internet and global time sync servers. To accomplish this, we installed NTP on Ubuntu/Linux and conf... read more
When we want to start computing at biological scales and speeds – evolving today’s practical machine learning forward towards long-deferred visions of a more “artificial intelligence” – we’ll need to take advantage of new f... read more
A Santa Fe man is the brains behind a new company that aims to take computing architecture into the next century. Alex Nugent, a former Los Alamos National Laboratory employee who grew up in Santa Fe, is the chief executive officer and co-founder of Knowm... read more
We’ve been hearing about commercially feasible memristors—a type of electrical component that’s persistent like flash memory, but as fast as DRAM to access—for quite some time now. Most prominently, HP got its proof of the memristor’... read more
If you think that Hewlett-Packard is disappointed about the delays in getting the memristor to market, so is a tenacious inventor who has been working at the confluence of electronics and machine learning. Alex Nugent, who has been involved in a number of... read more
Während der IT-Riese HP seine ehrgeizigen Pläne zu Memristoren auf die lange Bank geschoben hat, legt das US-Startup Knowm los: Im Online-Shop von Knowm kann man dort für 220 US-Dollar einen Chip mit acht Memristoren kaufen. Das Bauelement ist nicht f... read more
Knowm, a startup specializing in new types of advanced computing architectures and technology, has announced the launch of a brand new platform that allows developers to build intelligent applications powered by Thermodynamic-RAM (kT-RAM) and AHaH technol... read more
Aiming to become one of the first IT vendors to bring memristor processor technology to market, Knowm today revealed that it is building a neuromemristive processor that learns and adapts to how data streams actually behave. After more than 13 years of de... read more
The first component that realizes the two-decades-old search for analog hardware that mimics the learning ability of the human brain’s synapses and neurons has come to market. Based on memristors, the component from startup Knowm Inc. (Sante Fe, N.M... read more
Knowm Inc., a start-up pioneering next-generation advanced computing architectures and technology, today announced the commercial availability of the first products in support of the Thermodynamic RAM technology stack, also announced today. Providing a co... read more
Knowm Inc., a start-up pioneering next-generation advanced computing architectures and technology, today formally launched as a company and announced plans to build the world’s first truly adaptive neuromemristive processor. Thermodynamic RAM (kT-RAM) i... read more
Looking Into Nature The electron transport chain in photosystem II is one of the most important biochemical reaction pathways for life on this planet [1]. It starts with the absorption of a photon of light from the sun and through a sequential chain of se... read more
Port Bonding When using a passive or active LAN tap and not an “aggregator” or “mirror port” for monitoring network traffic, both the ‘incoming’ and ‘outgoing’ channels need to be bonded together for IDS sys... read more
Introduction The Knowm Development Team needs access to affordable research and development platforms for distributed computing. To address this need, we have paired Adapteva’s powerful and affordable Parallella boards with Apache Storm to create an... read more
Note to Readers: Four years later and there are now suspicions that metal-oxide memristors may have shelf-life issues. Read all about it here. HP’s Memristor Problem Today I read something that did not surprise me. HP has said that their memristor t... read more
A Plethora of Tools for Machine Learning When it comes to training computers to act without being explicitly programmed there exist an abundance of tools from the field of Machine Learning. Academics and industry professionals use these tools for building... read more
Knowm Collaborates with Kris Campbell at BSU My journey with Knowm and AHaH Computing started over a decade ago as a Physics major taking a break from studying for a quantum mechanics test. I got up and wandered the college library, pacing back and forth ... read more
I recently made the pilgrimage to our local movie theater to view the latest ‘rise of the machines’ artificial intelligence flick. I always make a point of watching these movies (AI, Terminator, iRobot, Transcendence, etc), as I am interested ... read more
Introduction Many memristive materials have recently been reported [1–5], and the trend continues. New designs and materials are being used to create a diverse range of devices and Knowm Inc. is now selling discrete memristors! Memristor models are also... read more
Introduction to AHaH Computing Alex Nugent’s guest lecture for the Brain Inspired Computing class of Dr. Dhireesha Kudithipudi at Rochester Institute of Technology, April 9th 2015. Alex introduces AHaH Computing, providing motivation for its foundat... read more
Mimicking Nature’s Computers How does nature compute? Attempting to answer this question naturally leads one to consider biological nervous systems, although examples of computation abound in other manifestations of life. Some examples include plant... read more
Communication is not Free Communication is not free. It takes energy to move data around. In integrated circuits we can move data with electrons on metal wires or, more recently, with photons in waveguides. Photons are a great choice for long-distance com... read more
Elastic Search, Logstash and Kibana – the ELK Stack – is emerging as the best technology stack to collect, manage and visualize big data. If you came here looking for help installing the ELK stack, you don’t need an introduction, so let&... read more
The Bro Network Security Monitor is an open source network monitoring framework. In a nutshell, Bro monitors packet flows over a network and creates high-level “flow” events from them and stores the events as single tab-separated lines in a lo... read more
The Bro Network Security Monitor is an open source network monitoring framework. In a nutshell, Bro monitors packet flows over a network with a network tap installed with optional bonded network interfaces, and creates high-level “flow” events... read more
Since version 1.5, there is a new plugin management system for Logstash. Plugin repositories are now located at github.com/logstash-plugins. Plugins are now self-contained Ruby gem whose source code lives in its own GitHub repository. The Ruby gem is host... read more
Migrating to Dropwizard version 0.8.0 was easier than the update from 0.6.x to 0.7.0, but there were still some hang ups, so I thought I would share some of the migration changes need for upgrading to the latest release of from version 0.7.x. The Release ... read more
It is a curious fact that there is no general agreement on what intelligence actually is. Most of us recognize that humans appear to possess a large amount of it, as well as other animals — both as individuals and as groups or swarms. Plants have be... read more
Abstract We present a high level design of kT-RAM and a formal definition of its instruction set. We report the completion of a kT-RAM emulator and the successful port of all previous machine learning benchmark applications including unsupervised clusteri... read more
Migrating to Dropwizard version 0.7.0 was anything but straightforward so I thought I would share some of the migration changes need for upgrading to the latest release of from version 0.6.x. The Release notes are a good place to start, but beyond that an... read more
As part of Xeiam’s Datasets open source project, we’ve built a basic WAV audio file explorer which displays the spectrogram and waveform of ten second audio clips of birdsong from the HJA Birdsong machine learning dataset. Since this project i... read more
You can upload any type of file to your Google Drive account and, as of this writing, the storage limit is 15GB. After uploading the file, you can set permissions to define who is allowed to also view and download the file. Alternatively, you can create a... read more
AHaH Computing–From Metastable Switches to Attractors to Machine Learning Abstract Modern computing architecture based on the separation of memory and processing leads to a well known problem called the von Neumann bottleneck, a restrictive limit on the... read more
To convert an array into a java.util.LinkedList we can use the java.util.Arrays class’s asList() method. The Arrays class in the java.util package provides a utility method to convert an array to a List. The Arrays.asList() method will convert an ar... read more
Here we show how easy it is to set up port forwarding (80 to 8080) on Mac OSX using ipfw from the Terminal. IPFW is the built-in firewall of Mac OSX, and we can quickly set up a firewall rule to allow port forwarding. The ipfw command is deprecated in OS ... read more
In order to deal with the amount of different projects Knowm Inc. is currently managing, both open source and commercial, we jumped at the opportunity to move all of our OSS projects over from an in-house Jenkins CI to a free hosted Travis CI service. Doi... read more
To get the day of the week from a java.util.Date object, we can use the java.text.SimpleDateFormat class. First, create a Date object. Next, create a SimpleDateFormat instance using the getDateInstance() method, passing the String “E” or ̶... read more
This blog post takes you through the steps you need to take to get your Java artifacts (Jars, JavaDocs, Sources, etc.) uploaded to Maven Central. In a nutshell, the main steps are required: 1) Create your JIRA account and create a new project ticket decla... read more
There are three common ways to iterate through a Collection in Java using either while(), for() or for-each(). While each technique will produce more or less the same results, the for-each construct is the most elegant and easy to read and write. It doesn... read more
If for whatever reason you want to set the locale in Tomcat you simply need to add two jvm arguments in the catalina.sh file found in the bin directory of the Tomcat installation. I was able to set the default locale for Tomcat to US/en on a Mac running M... read more
Here’s another nano-blog that will hopefully help someone solve a Tomcat error that I was dealing with today: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml addServlet The problem was that I was deploying catalina.jar within my .... read more
1 Comment
Kat Law
Here is an idea of turning 2 regular medical into a 3D mask! The process is super simple and fast!
This 3D mask is more comfortable to wear and not easy to be pull down when you talk!
And it could be much cheaper then most of the 3D masks in the markets!